Which source of data best informs monitoring student progress over a grading period?

Student portfolios of work samples serve as an effective source of data for monitoring student progress over a grading period because they provide a comprehensive view of a student's learning journey. Portfolios typically contain a variety of work samples, including projects, assessments, and reflections, which showcase a range of skills and knowledge developed over time. This collection of artifacts allows educators to observe trends in a student's performance and growth, offering insights into their strengths and areas needing improvement.

Furthermore, portfolios promote self-reflection and ownership of learning, as students can see their progress and set goals based on their work. This reflective process can help educators tailor instruction based on the individual needs of each student. In contrast, while other options may provide certain data points or insights, they often lack the depth and comprehensive view offered by a student portfolio, which can capture the nuances of student learning throughout the grading period.