Which of the following is an example of a first-order change in school change processes?

First-order change in school change processes typically refers to modifications that do not significantly alter the underlying structure or culture of the institution. It often involves adjustments that can be implemented within existing frameworks without necessitating a fundamental shift in beliefs or values.

Forming site-based school advisory councils is a prime example of first-order change because it takes place within the existing organizational structure. These councils serve to promote participation in decision-making and offer a platform for community engagement without altering the fundamental goals or overall mission of the school. The creation of these councils can enhance governance and provide a means for input while still adhering to the established norms of the school system.

In contrast, forming a different approach to instruction, new interactions and relationships, or a sense of collaborative ownership tends to represent deeper, second-order changes. These options often require a re-evaluation of values, beliefs, and relationships within the school community, which can significantly shift the culture and operational dynamics of the school.